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Dorothy Norwood
Gospel Music Pioneers

Biographical Sketches
of the Pioneers of Gospel Music

Precious Lord take my hand, Lead me on, let me stand, I am tired, I am weak, I am worn. Through the storm, through the night, Lead me on to the light, Take my hand precious Lord, lead me on.

When my way grows drear, Precious Lord linger near, When my life is almost gone, At the river, Lord I'll stand, Guide my feet, hold my hand, Take my hand precious Lord and lead me home.

Thomas Dorsey - The Father of Gospel Music - 1932


The Books of American Negro Spirituals

The Gospel in Black & White: Theological Resources for Racial Reconciliation

Thomas A. Dorsey, born on July 1st, 1899 was the Father of gospel music. No-one has had a greater influence on gospel singing; No-one has been quite as prophetic; no-one spans the entire history of gospel music quite like Dorsey. More than any other individual, Thomas A. Dorsey is gospel and his story is the story of gospel.

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Charles Albert Tindley was born of slave parents in Maryland on July 7th 1856. In 1885, Tindley became a church minister and spent the next seventeen years as an itinerant pastor. Renowned during his lifetime as an eloquent preacher, Tindley is remembered now as a pre-gospel hymn writer.

Among Tindley's songs are: Storm Is Passing Over, and We'll Understand It Better By And By. Tindley also wrote:

I'll overcome, I'll overcome, I'll overcome some day,
If in my life I do not yield, I'll overcome some day.

________

Sally Martin joined Thomas Dorsey's choir in February 1932. She and Dorsey teamed up for what was to be an eight-year mission to spread the gospel of Gospel. If Dorsey was the creative inspiration, Sallie Martin was the promotional genius.

She was no great shakes as a singer's singer, she never could hit the sweet high notes nor could she seduce with the low, resonating moans of a gospel blues, but she knew that rare art of charging up an audience out of her own strength of conviction and very little else. She performed as a great preacher performs, going out a little way in front of the audience then pausing, then articulating exactly what everyone else is on the point of articulating. Her way wasn't to impress by vocal skills but to catch hold of the spirit in a room and allow it to flood through her in a torrent of home truths and eternal wisdoms. Biblesoft">

________

Willie Mae Ford Smith came up the hard way. Originally from Rolling Fork, Mississippi, she was raised in Memphis along with her thirteen brothers and sisters. In 1922 she joined the family quartet, called the Ford Sisters, who were entertainers as well as evangelists. Willie Mae says 'they were more like the spiritual version of the Mills Brothers!' Two years later the Ford Sisters caused a minor sensation at the National Baptist Convention and a singing career became inevitable - though at that stage it might as easily have been in secular as sacred music.

Willie Mae was one of those few who never sold out, never gave up and never made a thing out of gospel other than the satisfaction of working for her Savior. If anyone qualifies as a gospel saint it's Willie Mae Ford Smith.

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Mahalia Jackson at twenty one years of age was already a singer of extraordinary power. She went to Chicago at sixteen, having absorbed all the music that her home town of New Orleans could offer. Hers was the most heavily blues-drenched background of any of the major gospel singers of the time and everyone who heard her said she could be Bessie Smith number two. But there's not the slightest hint that Mahalia Jackson ever considered singing blues for a living.

The raw southern sound of Willie Mae Ford Smith so inspired Mahalia Jackson that she took all the various elements of the older woman's style and stirred it with her own into a potent brew of down-home shouting. She wasn't above playing a little on the element of nostalgia either. 'Gospel music in those days of the early 1930s was really taking wing,' she recalls in her book Movin' On Up. 'It was the kind of music colored people had left behind down South, and they liked it because it was just like a letter from home.' They say that, in her time, Mahalia Jackson could wreck a church in minutes flat and keep it that way for hours on end.

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Roberta Martin wasn't related to Sallie Martin, but she was yet another ardent Dorsey disciple of the early 1930s, emerging from his first choir at Ebenezer Baptist Church. Her career isn't so well documented as Mahalia's, but she grew in stature and reputation until she rivalled Queen Mahalia in the people's affections. Roberta Martin and Sallie Martin teamed up briefly, using some of the best young male singers - Robert Anderson, Eugene Smith, Norsalus McKissick and Willie Webb - to form the Martin and Martin Gospel Singers. The liaison of namesakes was short-lived, neither woman ready to risk being in the shadow of the other, and Roberta took the group on to international fame. The Roberta Martin Singers presaged all the other thousands upon thousands of gospel groups that followed.

More:

  • Rev. Clay Evans
  • Angelic Gospel Singers
  • Anointed Pace Sisters
  • Rev. James Moore
  • Fisk University Jubilee Singers
  • Dorothy Love Coates
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